Finance
 

Moving Money

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[edit] Spending US dollars abroad

Comparison of credit card exchange fees
Card Issuer Network Total Fee Notes
Affinity Federal Credit Union MC 1%
American Express AmEx 2.7% for personal cards; 2.5% for corporate cards Reconfirmed June 20, 2009.
Bank of America Visa / MC / AmEx 3% for most cards; 2% for AAA Visa; 4% for OSU Alumni MC Reconfirmed June 17, 2009
Bank of the West MC 2% See Credit Disclosures
Barclays MC 3% for most cards; 1% for Harvard Alumni Association World MC; 2% for Ameriprise World Elite MC
BB&T Visa 2%
BMW Bank Visa 2% See BMW Credit Card Disclosures. Cards opened prior to March, 2007 may be grandfathered at 0% fee. Call to inquire regarding your account.
Capital One Visa / MC 0% Reconfirmed July 2009, within 0.3% of the daily average interbank rate on all transactions (past reports of 1% appear to be errors based on currency market volatility). Suggested you call before each trip to authorize charges, although their security software may still block international card usage depending on past usage and country card is used in.
Chase / Washington Mutual Visa / MC 3% See Pricing & Terms
Citibank Visa / MC / AmEx 3% See Terms & Conditions, 3% fee is confirmed to also apply to charges in USD made outside the USA.
Department Stores National Bank Visa 1%
Digital Federal Credit Union Visa 2%
Diners Club Diners Club 3% for all cards issued in US / Canada (start with '5'); 0% for all cards issued outside US / Canada (start with '36')
Discover Discover 2% Changed from 0% to 2% on May 1, 2009. Accepted only in North/Central America, Caribbean and China
E*Trade Visa 1%
Fifth Third Bank MC / Visa 3% See Terms & Conditions
HSBC MC 3% for most cards; 0% for US Premier World Cards ($100,000 deposit account balance) Note that some private-label cards actually issued by HSBC (Example: "Union Plus") may have better terms. Confirmed 7/3/09 3% fee on HSBC issued GM Card. However conversion rate was better than interbank rate.
JCB USA JCB / Cirrus / Star 1.1% Not widely accepted outside Japan. For US, holder must be resident of CA, CT, IL, NV, NY, NJ, OR, WA, or HI. 1.1% rate confirmed with JCB representative 6/09.
Lexus Financial Visa 3%
Michigan State University Federal Credit Union Visa 3% See Details
NASA Federal Credit Union Visa 1% See Terms & Conditions
Nordstrom Bank Visa 1%
Patelco Credit Union Visa / MC 1%
Paypal Plus/GE Money Bank MC 2.5% See Terms & Conditions
Pentagon Federal Credit Union Visa 1% See Credit Card Summary of Terms
PNC Bank - National City Visa 3%
Principal Bank / InfiBank Visa 3%
Schwab Visa 0% for Schwab Bank Invest First Visa; 3% for Schwab Bank Visa Confirmed 8/2009 by purchase.
Simmons First National Bank Visa 3%
Stanford Federal Credit Union Visa 0% Confirmed 4/2009
State Farm Bank Visa 1%
Suntrust Visa 3% for most cards; 1% for Singature Visa
Target National Bank Visa 3% See Rates & Fees
The Golden 1 Credit Union Visa 1% See Rates. Must live in certain counties in CA. Foreign transaction fee of 0.8% for USD purchases overseas.
TD Bank Visa 3% for Cards issued after TD acquired Commerce; 0% for Cards issued by Commerce before TD acquired Commerce See Credit Card Disclosure. Old Commerce credit card accounts are being converted to new TD accounts with the 3% fee
TruWest Credit Union Visa 1% Must live in certain counties in AZ or TX. Foreign transaction fee of 0.8% for USD purchases overseas. Confirmed May 2008.
US Bank Visa 3% See Terms & Conditions
USAA AmEx / MC 1% See Rates & Fees
Verity Credit Union Visa 1% Must live in Washington State
Wells Fargo Visa 3% As of January 2009 all Wells cards are 3% (including Signature Visa for Private Bank customers, which were previously 0%)
World's Foremost Bank Visa 1% See Terms and Conditions

This table compares the cost of exchange using ATM/debit cards:

Card Issuer Network ATM Fee Point of Sale Fee Notes
Addison Avenue Federal Credit Union Visa 0% 0% Confirmed 9/2008 via CSR for Dividend Reward Checking. Unconfirmed for other account types.
Ally Bank Visa / Cirrus 1% 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees up to $6 per a month
American Bank Online Visa / Plus 1% 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits (up to $6 per month for e-checking account holders); n.b.: blocks ATM access to funds if traveling in many countries (e.g. China, Hong Kong)
Bank Direct Visa 0% for ATM-only card (not Visa); 1% for Visa 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits (they say they do not reimburse foreign ATM-owner fees, but an FT user reports having one reimbursed)
Bank of America Visa / Plus 1% at partner banks; 1% + $5 per transaction at other banks 3% Confirmed as of June 1, 2009. No flat fees for ATM withdrawal at the following banks in the following countries only: Barclays (UK), BNP Paribas (France), China Construction Bank (China), Deutsche Bank (Germany), Santander Serfin (Mexico), Scotiabank (Canada and Peru), Westpac (Australia and NZ), but a 1% transaction fee still applies. See Bank of America Locations for more details. All fees may be waived for Premier Banking and Private Clients with a call to customer service.
Bank of Internet Visa / Plus 0% 0% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits (maximum $8/month as of March 2009)
Bangor Savings Bank Visa / Plus 0% 0% Reimburses ATM-owner fees without limits worldwide within three business days. Requires at least part-time residence in Maine
Busey Bank Mastercard 0% 0% Confirmed 1/2009 via purchase. Also confirmed via regular use since 2005
Capital One Visa / Plus 0% + $1.50 per transaction 0% $500/day limit. Fees appear to vary depending on the account-holder's state of residence and/or how the account was opened. Branch-based customers in NY report a $1.50 fee, for example, while accounts opened through CapOne Direct Banking in regions without CapOne branches do not have a $1.50 fee. Be sure to check the terms for your particular account before traveling.
Chase / Washington Mutual Visa / Plus 3% + $3 per transaction 3% Confirmed 1/2009
Chevy Chase Bank Visa / Plus 3% + $2 per transaction 3%
Citibank MC / Cirrus 3% + $1.50 per transaction for all accounts except for Citigold, Private Bank, International Personal Banking and Global Executive Banking customers which pay 0%; 3% for all accounts except Citigold, Private Bank, International Personal Banking and Global Executive Banking customers which pay 0%; $1.50 waived at Citi ATMs and may not apply to accounts opened in certain states; $1000/day limit. See Citibank Client Manual for more details.
Citizens Bank MC / Cirrus 3% 3% May be an additional $2.00 fee for non-circle checking accounts.
E*Trade Visa / Plus 1% 1% According to secure communication, ETrade "reserves the right to charge 1% but currently does not." Reconfirmed July 2009 there was no fee for overseas usage; on some transactions the rate was even superior to the average daily interbank rate.
Everbank Visa / Plus 1%; 0.8% for USD transactions 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees up to $6 per month.
Fidelity Investments Visa / Plus 0% if linked to mySmart Cash account; 1% otherwise 0% if linked to mySmart Cash account; 1% otherwise Reimburses ATM-owner fees; some users report not seeing any foreign transaction/currency conversion fees when using it overseas even though Fidelity's terms state a 1% fee might be charged by Visa, although in practice users have demonstrated it has the exact same rates as Schwab Investor Checking, which has been shown to be 0%.
First Citizens Bank Visa / Cirrus 1% only (no ATM fee?) 1% According to their Disclosure of Products and Fees foreign ATM transactions are 1%. Bank staff insist there is no additional ATM fee. In practice, however, this has not yet been confirmed.
First Internet Bank of Indiana Visa / Plus 3% 3% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits (up to $6/month). This reimbursement includes the 3% fee.
$750 daily withdrawal limit
FNBO Direct MC 3% 3% See FAQ at: Online Savings FAQ
HSBC Cirrus / Maestro 3% at HSBC ATMs; 3% + $1 per transaction at non-HSBC ATMs 3% As of 11/7/07, Some fees waived for Premier accounts. See see EFT facility charges
HSBC Direct Cirrus/ Maestro 0%-3%  ? HSBC Direct "Online Payment Account" reportedly does not charge at HSBC-owned ATMs, but charges 3% at other ATMs. Also rebates up to three third party ATM-owner fees per month.
ING Direct Cirrus / Maestro 3% 3% Confirmed with ING Direct customer service (effective April 2008). A separate line labeled "Foreign Transaction Charge" equal to 2% of the withdrawal will appear in account activity (on top of the standard MC 1%). Some users report not being charged the ING 2% (just the MC 1%).
Meriwest Credit Union Plus 1% 1% observed 10-7-2008 using straight ATM (not debit) card
Pacific National Bank Visa / Cirrus 1% 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees; $500/day limit
PayPal MC/Cirrus 1% + $1 per transaction 1% $1/transaction waived on PayPal Business Debit. Verified 3/1/09. Note the 2.5% fee on PayPal's fees page is related to transferring money between PayPal accounts of different denominations, not ATM withdrawals in foreign currencies.
Philadelphia Federal Credit Union Visa 1% 1% SeePFCU ATM/Debit Cards. Must live in PA or work for certain employers.
PNC Bank Plus 2.5% + $2 per transaction for Free Business Checking; 0% for other business accounts; 2.5% + $3.50 per transaction for personal accounts 2.5% PNC fee waived and ATM-owner fees reimbursed (up to a monthly limit) if avg. monthly balance is at least $2500 in certain account types.
Power Financial Visa 0% 3% Confirmed 06/15/09.
Presidential Online Bank Visa / Cirrus 0% 0% Verified over the phone on December 15, 2008. $550 daily withdrawal limit.
Brand: Schwab Issuer: PNC Bank Visa / Plus / Star / Interlink 0% 0% (1% on the Platinum Check Card) Confirmed 6/2009 by use & by phone for Investor Checking & High Yield Savings. Reimburses unlimited ATM-owner fees, but often fails to automatically reimburse overseas ATM-owner fees that are not broken out from the withdrawal amount (you will need to call customer service to get these fees reimbursed--save your receipts and hang up and call back if you get a customer service rep who is unfamiliar with the issue). Daily withdrawal limit = $500 for basic card, $2000 for Platinum Check Card (which most customers seem to automatically get with the checking account). Savings account has transaction limits on non-ATM transactions. Note 1% may be charged (unconfirmed) for ATM withdrawals directly from SchwabOne Brokerage.
Simmons First National Bank Visa / Plus 1% 1%
State Farm Bank Visa / Plus 0% (plus $10 handling charge as of 3/09) 0% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits (As of June 2008, up to $10 per statement cycle but no limit if there is a direct deposit or ACH credit within 45 days prior to the foreign ATM transaction). Performs hard pull from all three credit agencies during checking account application process. $1000 daily withdrawal limit.
TD Bank Visa / Plus 0% 0% Reconfirmed 5/2009. Reimburses unlimited ATM-owner fees if you maintain a minimum balance of $2500.
The Golden 1 Credit Union Visa / Cirrus 1% + $1.25 per transaction 1% Must live in certain counties in CA.
Tomato Bank Visa 1% 1%
TruWest Credit Union MC 1% 1% Must live in certain counties in AZ or TX. Confirmed May 2008 by phone.
UFB Direct Cirrus 1% 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits
Umbrella Bank Visa / Cirrus 1% 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits
Union Bank of California MC 0% + $5 per transaction 0% Confirmed Jan 2009 by email with bank customer service
Umpqua Bank Visa 0% 0% Confirmed 11/08
University of Michigan Credit Union Visa 1% 1% Confirmed 4/08
U.S. Bank Visa / Plus 3% + $2 per transaction 3%
USAA MC / Maestro / Cirrus 1% 1% Reimburses ATM-owner fees within limits.
Valley National Bank Visa / MC 3% + $3 per transaction 3%
Verity Credit Union Visa 1% 1% Must live in Washington State
Wells Fargo / Wachovia Visa 0% for PMA Checking; 3% + $5 per transaction for all other accounts 3% Confirmed 04/02/08. Some non-PMA accounts may be exempt from the 3% ATM fee (but still subject to the $5/transaction fee).

To wire money from the US, see the comprehensive list of US banks that offer free outbound wires. Note that it this list is getting outdated.

[edit] Buying US dollars with euros

Buying USD with euros is a tricky situation, teeming with pitfalls and hidden costs. The table below is a tool for consumers to attack this problem. The column entitled "cost of actual transactions" is meant for consumers to enter real world figures after completing a transfer. This will help expose undocumented hidden costs. Please use the credit card charges calculator to compute the final exchange rate that was applied, so all brokers are compared to the same source for a wholesale exchange rate. Although these are not really credit card transactions, the calculator will serve our purpose.

[edit] Using ForEx Markets to buy USD

Using a forex (FX) broker to exchange money has the advantage of getting a realtime exchange rate that is very close to the actual value of your assets (aka "spot FX" rate). The pitfall is that most forex brokers are running either a scam, or they impose hidden fees (see legal scam: wire siphoning). Transparency generally does not exist with forex trading.

Many brokers are unable to deliver purchased assets. In other words, you can buy US dollars, but you cannot withdraw the USD that you bought. These brokers that deal in non-deliverables usually do not disclose the limitation; setting clients up to discover this after they exchange a currency. Brokers of non-deliverables are color coded in the chart below as maroon, signifying that they are unusable for our purpose. Forex dealers known to have hidden fees are color coded as yellow. Before opening a forex account, check the list of blacklisted brokers.

You'll find that no FX broker comes close to offering what Interactive Brokers offers. IB does not siphon money from wires at either end, and their assets are deliverable. Their commission is only $2.50. There's no competition.

Comparison of Forex Brokers for purposes of transferring euros to USD
site fees to fund from a SEPA bank fees and methods of USD withdrawal (Eg: ACH, swift wire, paper check, paypal) approximate spread in pips deposit via SEPA wire available? cost of actual transactions (amount of EUR transfered; flat fees; effective exchange rate computed by the calculator) notes
Alpari wire (15 GBP for USD withdrawal to US banks) 1.8 pips Yes; BARCGB22 / GB72 BARC 207767 86249544 UK based.
CMC Markets Broker: none. Broker's bank: ~14 GBP per transfer (undisclosed). wire 2-3 pips for spot trades Yes; GB98 NWBK 6072 1442 0235 56 (but read the warning on fees) UK based. $10k min. on FX trades. Misleading sales practices. Error prone company. Beware: They falsely claim that fees are only charged if the deposit comes from a credit card. A European wire was sent within Eurozone, and they skimmed a percentage from it. The scam works this way: CMC Markets established a relationship with their bank (Natwest) whereby Natwest siphons money as it passes either direction. CMC Markets does not apply the charge directly themselves, so they tell customers that they charge no fee.
Exto Capital Broker: none. Broker's bank: 0-10 EUR (undisclosed) wire; paypal; moneybookers; another exto acct 2 pips Yes; German bank Unusable service (undeliverable). Withdrawal currency must be the same as the deposit currency. $1k min deposit.
FineXO Allegedly free to fund in SEPA. This claim should be verified. wire ($10 min. wire withdrawal fee); paypal; moneybookers; liberty reserve Yes
finotec Broker: none. Broker's bank (HSBC): "a few pounds" according to CSR. (undisclosed) They state that they accept "wire transfers", but do not disclose whether they can issue an IBAN number, so the cost of the transfer is unknown. Unusable service (undeliverable). Withdrawal currency must be the same as the deposit currency. They claim to profit strictly from spread.
IB (Interactive Brokers) Broker: $2.50 commission per trade. Bank: no fee wire; check; ACH (first xfer in a month free, $1 each additional xfer) Germany, w/ BIC: CITI DE FF $10k funding requirement (but no floor on trade size). IB's bank is Citibank. Euros can be wired in, and there are no charges from IB or Citibank for the wire. It is possible to wire euros to fund, do a spot trade for USD, and ACH the USD to a US account.
IG Markets wire (15 GBP for intl withdrawal)
MadaFX Broker: none Broker's bank: $10-15 (undisclosed) wire ($40); check (free) Unusable service (undeliverable). When you fund with euros, the money is instantly converted into USD. So clients have no way of controlling the trade from euros to usd.
MB Trading Broker: none Broker's bank: unknown wire ($20); check (free) 0 pips Commission= $0.50 per 10,000 currency. Appears to be US based. We need to know if euros arrive as euros, and if the trades are deliverable. They use Wells Fargo bank. They claim to not charge any fees, but when asked specifically about Wells Fargo, they refuse to make a statement.
Norvik Banka wire (10 USD for intl USD withdrawal) It's not clear whether there is a charge to fund the account with a SEPA wire. Account fee page shows "free", but transfer page suggests a fee, and doesn't distinguish the direction of transfer. Called after hours. CSR had very rough English. He seemed to be saying that there is no charge to fund an account, but could not say what the brokers bank charges. He said to call during normal business hours.
OANDA 20 EUR withdrawal fee Strange requirement: money can only be withdrawn the same way it's deposited. They have a separate service for money transfers, so presumably they've crippled their forex service to promote their lucrative transfer service.
2 Pip Fixed Broker: none Broker's bank: unknown UBS bank in Zurich, CH. When asked what hidden fees UBS charges, 2pipfixed responded "we don't have hidden fees," which obviously doesn't answer the question.
Varengold Broker: 24.95 EUR for xfers < 12,500; free for xfers > 12,500. Broker's bank: unknown. impossible Yes Unusable service (undeliverable). It's for margin trading only. The currency used to fund the account must be the same for withdrawal. They use Dresdner bank, and the bank charges an undisclosed fee.
X-Trade Brokers Bank fees: 0,5% of the nominal (min 50 but max 300 PLN which is around 15-90 USD)80 PLN (around 20-25 USD). (undisclosed) 2 pips They falsely claim there is no commission or fees for anything. Bank is Pekao S.A Bank (polish)
etoro All costs are hidden. All costs are hidden. No fees are disclosed on the website.
Axia Fx All costs are hidden. All costs are hidden. No fees are disclosed on the website.
easy-forex All costs are hidden. All costs are hidden. No fees are disclosed on the website.

[edit] Using Online Money Transfer Operators (MTOs) to buy USD

MTOs offer specialized services for transferring money country to country. The advantage is avoidance of hidden intermediary bank fees. You generally know the cost of the transfer. And unlike forex brokerages, purchases are always deliverable.

The pitfall here is cost is hidden in the exchange rate. Clients do not get the benefit of exchanging at the realtime rate the assets are being traded at. At best, a merchant may offer a wholesale interbank daily rate. This gives the false impression that the rate is very close to the actual rate being traded, when in fact there is no oversight or transparency in how banks compute the interbank rate. Worse, most banks will give the customer a retail exchange rate, which is the already marked up interbank rate with another profit margin on top of it.

There is no practical way to comparison shop with these services. In some cases you can get a rate quote once you have established an account, but the effort of doing that for every vendor makes it impractical.

There is a comparison site that seems to be neutral: http://www.sendmoneyhome.org/ However, it's not a complete representation of all the fees. Eg. Ivobank charges a 30 gbp wire fee that www.sendmoneyhome.org does not account for in the total amount received column.

Comparison of Specialized Transfer Services
site fees exchange rate markup or spread EU IBAN number available? Methods of USD distribution (Eg: ACH, swift wire, paper check cost of actual transactions (amount of EUR transfered; flat fees; effective exchange rate computed by the calculator) notes
exchange4free 10 GBP if xfer < 700 GBP; free if xfer > 700 GBP Seems to be UK centric. It's unclear whether an EU bank can wire money for free. Also unclear on how money can be withdrawn (check, EFT, ACH?).
OzForex aka www.ukforex.co.uk
hifx none (potentially... see notes) Rate is unpublished. Client calls to negotiate a rate over the phone on a case by case basis. Yes. This is provided along with the transaction confirmation once you have done the deal. They claim to profit strictly from spread. However, there's some fine print that says "HiFX provides one free transfer per trade." Thus, there is an undisclosed transfer fee when you consider that two wire transfers are needed. OTOH, suppose two trades are made. Eg. wire euros in, buy sterling, then with the sterling buy USD. Technically that would allow for the needed 2 free transfers - but at the cost of paying an extra spread.
xe

They charge $21 for paying you by wire in the US. Payment by draft or EFT deposit is free.


You can send them funds free by EFT / ACH from some countries.

They profit from the spread. They have a lowest rates guarantee, but this claim is not easily verifiable.Once you're registered, they'll give you a live quote for your transaction amount before you have to submit it. They also publish live mid market rates on their site. To calculate the spread (~1.5% generally), you have to figure the difference between that and the effective rate they quote for your individual transaction.

Fair FX Spot FX rates It's indeed quite an advantage to pay spot fx rates. Transfer fees are unknown (clients email for personal response).
tranzfers 10 EUR transaction fee probably (since they can send to IBAN numbers) 50 GPB min xfer
transfermate 15 EUR (but free the first time) varies; there is a markup from interbank rates and clients must call to discover it. Yes; IE71 AIBK 9334 2271 1780 83 1k USD min xfer. Same currency transfers prohibited.
MoneyGram varies varies
moneybookers 1.80 EUR withdrawal fee + 0.50 EUR internal xfer fee 1.99% yes Same currency transfers converted twice!


[edit] Distribution of foreign funds in the US

Most US banks accept incoming foreign paper checks for free, and incoming domestic ACH electronic fund transfers ("EFT") are also free, but they generally charge a fee for incoming international wire transfers ($10-50 depending on the bank). Unfortunately, most bank accounts outside of the US do not come with checkbooks, and to have non-US bank staff write a check from your account is generally cost prohibitive (Eg. 45 euros). Non-US banks are incapable of ACH EFTs.

Consequently, most consumers get burned when it comes to distributing foreign money to a US account. However, there are some exceptional US-based consumer banks and brokerages that will actually accept an incoming international wire at no cost. These banks and brokerages are listed below. Note that although these banks do not directly charge a fee for inbound wires, some of them use an intermediate bank that does impose a fee.

Credit unions generally do not impose incoming wire transfer fees. Credit unions usually have county residency requirements of some sort, so if your the US, just go check your local credit union.

Financial organizations offering free inbound international wire transfers
Bank or Brokerage Type Intermediate bank fees Link to page showing that inbound wires are free; notes (if any)
Charles Schwab brokerage They claim they do not charge a fee, and that their intermediate bank (Citibank) will not charge a fee to move money from Citibank to Schwab. Ultimately, they will not guarantee that money is not siphoned off somewhere along the line before the money reaches Citibank, and they will not guarantee that Citibank won't charge the outside bank a fee. Schwab has the BIC CSCHUS6SWTS for a US branch, and they are on the swift network -- but that's misleading. The brokerage account actually uses the BIC CITIUS33. fees in PDF (See page 3)
Sharebuilder brokerage No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. fees
Fidelity brokerage Bank: JP Morgan and Deutsche Bank fees
E-trade brokerage No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. SWIFT # irvtus3n fees (caveat- accounts are not free)
Herring Bank bank They have the BIC number HENBUS41XXX, but they are not on the swift network. fees
First National Bank of Huntsville bank No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. fees
UFB Direct bank No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. fees
East West Bank bank No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. Also note the disclaimer on intermediate bank fees. If they need the disclaimer, then they probably use an intermediate bank that charges a fee. fees
Digital Federal Credit Union bank No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. fees
Navy Federal Credit Union bank No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. fees
First Internet Bank bank No BIC number found for any US branch in the swift.com database search. fees
Everbank bank They have the BIC EVBKUS3MXXX for a US branch, and they are in the swift network. But ironically, there are reports that undisclosed intermediate bank fees are imposed anyway. fees in PDF (caveat- Everbank charges an exchange commission even when currency is the same.)
TD Bank (previously Commerce Bank) bank The BIC CBNAUS33XXX exists for a US branch, and they are on the swift network. They are rumored to not charge an inbound wire fee, but their fee structure is not published.